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WHAT are the different types of coffee beans?

By Ritima Sharma

WHAT are the different types of coffee beans?

While there are over 100 species of coffee plants, the vast majority of coffee you'll encounter comes from just two main types of beans: Arabica and Robusta. There are also two lesser-known varieties, Liberica and Excelsa, but these are much rarer.  
Here's a breakdown of the four main types of coffee beans

1. Arabica:

  • Origin: Native to Ethiopia  
  • Flavor Profile: Known for its complex flavors, ranging from sweet and fruity to chocolatey and nutty. Generally considered higher quality with a smoother, more aromatic cup.  
  • Caffeine Content: Moderate (around 1.5% caffeine)
  • Growing Conditions: Requires higher altitudes, specific temperatures, and more care in cultivation.
  • Market Share: Dominates the global market, representing roughly 60% of coffee production.  

2. Robusta:

  • Origin: Native to sub-Saharan Africa  
  • Flavor Profile: Stronger, harsher, and more bitter taste with a rubbery or burnt aftertaste. Often described as having earthy and woody notes.  
  • Caffeine Content: High (around 2.5% caffeine)
  • Growing Conditions: More resilient and easier to grow in various climates.  
  • Market Share: Around 30-40% of global production, often used in blends and instant coffee.

3. Liberica:

  • Origin: Liberia (West Africa)  
  • Flavor Profile: Unique and somewhat controversial, with smoky, woody, and sometimes fruity flavors. Can be quite bold and intense.  
  • Caffeine Content: Moderate
  • Growing Conditions: Rare and challenging to cultivate.
  • Market Share: Less than 2% of global production, mostly found in Southeast Asia.

4. Excelsa:

  • Origin: Southeast Asia
  • Flavor Profile: Tart and fruity with dark, roasted notes. Often described as having a "complex" flavor profile.  
  • Caffeine Content: Moderate
  • Growing Conditions: Often grown alongside Robusta.
  • Market Share: Usually blended with other beans, rarely found on its own.

The flavor of coffee is also heavily influenced by factors beyond the bean type, including:

  • Terroir: The environment where the coffee is grown (soil, climate, altitude)  
  • Processing: The method used to remove the coffee bean from the cherry (washed, natural, honey)
  • Roasting: The degree to which the beans are roasted (light, medium, dark)  
  • Brewing: The method used to brew the coffee (drip, French press, espresso)

So, when exploring the world of coffee, remember that the type of bean is just one piece of the puzzle!

Author: Ritima, Founder @Paddle&Brew